Main health risks for Burundi

Diseases transmitted by insects or animals

The whole country is malarial, including the highlands which were previously preserved. It is estimated than one out of three inhabitants has malaria. Strains are highly resistant to chloroquine (zone 3).

Yellow fever is endemic in the country. Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted by infected mosquitoes.

Cases of rabies have been reported.

Diseases transmitted by food, water or through the environment

Diarrheic diseases are common among tourists who are not accustomed to local food or who do not take precautions.

Outbreaks of cholera can occur at any time. A cholera outbreak is currently hitting Burundi. Health officials reported 100 cases (including 3 deaths) throughout the country. The capital Bujumbura is one of the areas worse hit. In order to minimize risks, it is recommended to wash hands thoroughly before meals and to use uncontaminated water.

Diseases transmitted by contact with infected people

Cases of meningitis are regularly reported in Burundi. Meningococcal meningitis is a disease characterized by sudden fever, intense headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck and a rash. The fatality rate is usually 5-15 percent. Transmission occurs by inhaling the bacteria, direct mouth-to-mouth contact with an infected person or contamination by an infected person's nasal secretions. It is recommended to get vaccinated before travelling.

HIV is highly prevalent ; according to UNAIDS, 2.5% of the adult population (15-49) is HIV-positive. More of 100 000 persons are living with AIDS. AIDS is the highest cause of morbidity and mortality in Burundi. HIV is regularly associated with an increase in tuberculosis cases.